Fuerza 7: mezcla de harina de siete semillas ancestrales

El presente estudio analiza las viabilidades pertinentes para la implementación de un negocio de producción y comercialización de harina de siete semillas “Fuerza 7”. En el primer capítulo se analizan los aspectos generales del negocio, presentando, describiendo y justificando el atractivo del emprendimiento. El segundo capítulo presenta el diseño metodológico, las hipótesis y su validación a través de los resultados de una prueba de producto, describiendo los patrones y tendencias en el campo de la alimentación de complementos nutricionales. Así mismo, se describe el CANVAS del modelo del negocio. En el tercer capítulo se despliega el análisis estratégico del futuro negocio, planteando la misión, visión, objetivos estratégicos. Además, se presenta un análisis externo, interno y sectorial, que condujo al análisis preliminar de fortalezas oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas. El análisis de la viabilidad comercial que se inició con el capítulo 2 se completa en el cuarto capítulo a través del diseño estratégico de marketing en base a la segmentación y perfil de cliente. Con estos fundamentos de define el plan de ventas para el horizonte temporal de análisis. En el quinto capítulo analiza y define la viabilidad técnica a través del plan de operaciones que contiene, además de las políticas operacionales, los equipos y procesos necesarios para la manufactura del producto. En el sexto capítulo se analiza y comprueba la viabilidad organizacional del futuro negocio enfocada en los objetivos y políticas organizacionales y la gestión del talento humano. En el séptimo capítulo se desarrolla el plan económico y financiero que comprende el plan de inversiones, las fuentes de financiamiento, los estados financieros pertinentes, la evaluación financiera y el análisis de escenarios y riesgos que demuestran la viabilidad financiera del proyecto. Finalmente, se concluye que el proyecto sobrepasa las viabilidades analizadas, recomendando su ejecución, considerando un seguimiento detallado a los planes formulados y un monitoreo pertinente a los riesgos identificados.This study analyzes the feasibility for the implementation of production and commercialization business of seven seeds flour known as "Fuerza 7". The first chapter analyzes the business general aspects, presenting, describing, and justifying the enterprise attractiveness. The second chapter presents the methodological design, the hypotheses and their validation through the product test results, describing the patterns and trends in the field of feeding nutritional supplements. Likewise, the CANVAS of the business model is described. In the third chapter, the strategic analysis of the future business is shown, setting out the mission, vision, and the strategic objectives. Additionally, an external, internal, and sectoral analysis are presented, which led to the preliminary analysis of strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats. The analysis of commercial viability initiated in chapter 2 is completed in the fourth chapter through the strategic design of the marketing plan, based on segmentation and customer profile. With these fundaments, the sales plan is defined for the time horizon of the project. The fifth chapter analyzes and defines the technical feasibility through the operations plan, the equipment, the processes necessary and the operational policies for the manufacture of the product. The sixth chapter presents the organizational viability of the future business, with focus on the organizational objectives and policies, and analyzes and verify the management of human talent. In the seventh chapter, the economic and financial plan is developed, which includes the investment plan, the financing sources, the relevant financial statements, the financial evaluation and the analysis of scenarios and risks that demonstrate the financial viability of the project. Finally, it is concluded that the project exceeds the viability analyzed, recommending its execution. Also, it is necessary to consider a detailed follow-up of the formulated plans and the monitoring of the identified risks

La cultura organizacional en una empresa de seguros en Lima Metropolitana en el año 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la cultura organizacional predominante en una empresa de seguros en Lima Metropolitana, utilizando como marco teórico el modelo Competing Values Framework (CVF). Esta investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo y un alcance descriptivo, de diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. Para recopilar datos, se optó por la técnica de encuesta, que se administró a una muestra de 50 colaboradores de la empresa estudiada. El instrumento empleado para esta evaluación fue el "Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI)", que consta de 24 ítems distribuidos en 6 dimensiones clave que abarcan las cuatro culturas típicas identificables en una organización: Clan, Adhocracia, Mercado y Jerarquizada. Los resultados revelaron que las culturas predominantes en la organización analizada fueron Mercado y Jerarquizada. Además, se identificó que las culturas preferidas destacadas fueron Clan y Adhocracia. Por otro lado, se llevaron a cabo análisis de las percepciones de la cultura organizacional en función de la edad, el sexo y el grado de instrucción de los colaboradores, revelando diferencias y tendencias significativas en las percepciones culturales entre estos grupos. Es importante mencionar que, aunque se obtuvieron resultados significativos, este estudio presenta algunas limitaciones, siendo una de las principales la falta de comparación con otras empresas del mismo sector. Se recomienda llevar a cabo investigaciones similares en otras organizaciones del mismo rubro con el objetivo de obtener mediciones más profundas y una comprensión más completa de la cultura predominante en el ámbito asegurador, basadas en el modelo Competing Values Framework (CVF).The objective of this study was to analyze the prevailing organizational culture in an insurance company in Metropolitan Lima, using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) as the theoretical framework. This research had a quantitative approach and a descriptive scope, employing a non-experimental cross-sectional design. To collect data, the survey technique was chosen, which was administered to a sample of 50 employees of the company under study. The instrument used for this assessment was the "Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI)," consisting of 24 items distributed across 6 key dimensions covering the four typical cultures identifiable in an organization: Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hierarchy. The results revealed that the predominant cultures in the analyzed organization were Market and Hierarchy. Additionally, it was identified that the highlighted preferred cultures were Clan and Adhocracy. On the other hand, analyses of perceptions of organizational culture based on age, gender, and employees' level of education were conducted, revealing significant differences and trends in cultural perceptions among these groups. It is important to mention that, although significant results were obtained, this study has some limitations, with one of the main limitations being the lack of comparison with other companies in the same sector. It is recommended to conduct similar research in other organizations in the insurance industry with the aim of obtaining deeper measurements and a more comprehensive understanding of the prevailing culture in the insurance sector, based on the Competing Values Framework (CVF) model

Sobre la usura en contratos de crédito al consumo. «Sygma Mediatis»: un mal precedente, una pésima doctrina, un nefasto augurio

El Tribunal Supremo ha declarado usurario un crédito revolving que establecía una TAE del 24,6%. Para ello, se ha separado de toda su anterior doctrina jurisprudencial relativa a la usura. A lo largo de este artículo analizaremos los cambios y consecuencias que comporta esta sentencia

Body fat in elite Spanish football referees and assistants: A 1-year follow-up study

Introduction The current literature about the body composition of elite football referees is scarce and almost non-existent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and track the percentage of body fat (%BF) of elite Spanish football referees and assistant referees across an entire season. Material and methods Two hundred and twenty-eight referees and assistant referees (mean age 32.5 ± 5.1 y), refereeing in Spanish First category (La Liga), Second category, and Second-B category, took part in this study. A bioelectrical impedance analyser (TANITA BC 418-MA) was used to evaluate %BF. A total of four-time-points for 1st category referees and three for all other groups were performed throughout the season. Results Analysing by category and role, 1st category assistants had the highest %BF in all assessments (p < 0.05). Small variations (around 1%) in %BF within groups were observed across the competitive season. Conclusion The %BF in elite Spanish referees remains constant, analysing by category, role and age, throughout a competitive season. All groups in this study reported healthy %BF values, between 8 and 14%, which might directly help to achieve the high standards required when refereeing and to improve the level of refereeing in the Spanish leagues. Introducción La literatura actual relativa a la composición corporal de los árbitros de fútbol de élite es escasa y prácticamente inexistente. Por tanto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar y realizar un seguimiento del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) a los árbitros de fútbol de élite españoles, y a los árbitros asistentes, a lo largo de toda la temporada. Material y Métodos En este estudio participaron doscientos veintiocho árbitros y árbitros asistentes (edad media 32,5 ± 5,1), que arbitran en la primera división de España (La Liga), la segunda división y la segunda división B. Se utilizó un analizador de impedancia bioeléctrica (TANITA BC 418-MA) para evaluar el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Durante la temporada se realizaron un total de cuatro mediciones en los árbitros de primera división, y tres para el resto de los grupos. Resultados Realizando un análisis por categoría y función, los asistentes de primera división tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal en todas las evaluaciones (p < 0,05). Se observaron pequeñas variaciones (de alrededor del 1%) en cuanto al porcentaje de GC dentro de los distintos grupos a lo largo de la temporada de competición. Conclusión El porcentaje de grasa corporal en los árbitros españoles de élite permanece constante, tras analizar la categoría, función y edad a lo largo de la temporada de competición. Todos los grupos incluidos en el estudio reportaron unos valores saludables en cuanto a grasa corporal, comprendidos entre el 8 y el 14%, lo que podría contribuir directamente al logro de los elevados estándares requeridos para el arbitraje, y a la mejora del nivel de arbitraje en las ligas españolas

Entre Pastor y Cacique Evangélico: Las Prácticas Misioneras de Sadleir y Mamani en el mundo Mapuche y Aymara chileno.

El objetivo del artículo es describir, analizar y comparar las influencias culturales, sociales y políticas de las prácticas misioneras de los pastores Charles Sadleir y Braulio Mamani en la cultura mapuche y aymara respectivamente. Para dicho objetivo se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, la cual consistió en el análisis de documentos, revisando cuatro tipos de fuentes, en las que se encuentran: a) libros; b) artículos; c) revistas institucionales; y d) periódicos locales referidos al trabajo de los misioneros. Para interpretar los liderazgos religiosos utilizamos la tipología de Sabio e Igual empleada por Goffman. Por último, concluimos sobre las diferencias y similitudes entre ambos liderazgos religioso

Swimming and bone: Is low bone mass due to hypogravity alone or does other physical activity influence it?

Swimming during adolescence has shown neutral or even negative effects on bone mass. Nevertheless, it is still unknown if these effects are due to swimming or to other factors, such as sedentary behaviors. INTRODUCTION: Three objectives were described (1) to measure objective physical activity (PA) additional to swimming performed by adolescent swimmers (SWI) and compare it to that performed by normo-active controls (CG), (2) to describe the relationship between objectively measured PA and bone mass, and (3) to compare bone mass of swimmers that meet the World Health Organization PA guidelines (active) WHO and those that do not (inactive). METHODS: A total of 71 SWI (33 females) and 41 CG (17 females) wore an accelerometer for at least 4 days. PA was expressed as the amount of time (minutes/day) in each intensity [sedentary/light/moderate or vigorous (VPA), and the sum of moderate and vigorous (MVPA)]. Using the cutoff points proposed by Vanhelst et al. SWI were classified as active or inactive according to whether they reached 60 min of weight-bearing MVPA per day or not. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone strength values were calculated with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Differences in PA intensities were calculated between SWI and CG. The relation of VPA to bone mass was studied in the SWI. RESULTS: Male-SWI spend less time in VPA and MVPA than male-GC, which partly explains the lower BMD values in SWI than CG. CONCLUSION: Swimming may displace weight-bearing VPA with serious implications on bone health

Antiproliferative effect and ultrastructural alterations induced by 5-O-methylembelin on Trypanosoma cruzi

Background: Embelin (EMB), obtained from Oxalis erythrorhiza Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott (Oxalidaceae), was reported against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. Additionally, antiprotozoan activity against Plasmodium falciparum was reported for its methylated derivative (ME). Purpose: To evaluate the potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of EMB, ME and 2,5-di-O-methylembelin (DME) and analyze the possible mechanism of action. Study design/Methods: EMB was isolated by a chromatographic method from the air-dried ground whole plant. To evaluate the effects of methylation, ME and DME were synthesized and tested against T. cruzi epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. The most active compound ME was evaluated against amastigotes. Ultrastructural alterations, ROS generation and the effect on mitochondrial activity of ME were measured. Results: Compounds inhibited the proliferation of epimastigotes. ME was also active against intracellular amastigotes. Mitochondrial alterations were observed by TEM. Additionally, ME modified the mitochondrial activity, and induced an increase in ROS levels. These evidences postulate the mitochondrion as a possible target of ME. Conclusion: ME inhibited amastigotes proliferation, thus being a potential lead compound for the treatment of Chagas’ disease.Fil: Spina Zapata, Renata María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Lozano, Esteban Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Barrera, Patricia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Aníbal Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Feresin, Gabriela Egly. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Sosa Escudero, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentin

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de bicicletas eléctricas

Currently, the world as a whole is focusing considerably on caring for the environment and, with this, people globally are opting for more "eco-friendly" options that allow them to develop all their activities, reconsidering with exponential trends in the passage of time all the products they can make use of. With this, a study was developed for the implementation of bicycles equipped with an electric kit for urban metropolitan Lima and its subsequent commercialization in the market. For a more detailed study of the demand, the acquisition patterns of electric bicycles will be presented, the potential demand will be determined and based on historical production, export and import data, the demand that will be covered with the entry of the product to the market will be found. Simultaneously, the commercial product to be offered, the promotion for it, the price and the point of sale are determined. Also, the production of electric bicycles for each year of the project will be determined, limited at a minimum by the break-even point and at a maximum by the project demand estimated in the second chapter. In order to evaluate profitability, indicators such as NPV, IRR, Profit/Cost are determined and a sensitivity analysis is performed considering pessimistic and optimistic scenarios for the most influential variables. At the end of the study, conclusions are drawn based on the objectives set and the initial hypothesis is answered.Actualmente, el mundo en su totalidad está enfocándose de modo considerable en cuidar el medio ambiente y, con ello, las personas a nivel global están optando por opciones más “eco amigables” que les permitan desarrollar todas sus actividades, reconsiderando con tendencias exponenciales en el paso del tiempo todos los productos de los que puedan hacer uso. Con esto, se desarrolló un estudio para la implementación de bicicletas equipadas con un kit eléctrico para Lima metropolitana urbana y su posterior comercialización en el mercado. Para un estudio más minucioso de la demanda, se expondrán los patrones de adquisición de las bicicletas eléctricas, se determinará la demanda potencial y en base a los datos históricos de producción, exportación e importación, se halla la demanda qué se cubrirá con el ingreso del producto al mercado. Simultáneamente, se determina el producto comercial a ofrecer, la promoción para ello, el precio y el punto de venta. También, se determinará la producción de bicicletas eléctricas para cada año de proyecto, limitada en un mínimo por el punto de equilibrio y en un máximo por la demanda del proyecto estimada en el segundo capítulo. Para poder evaluar la rentabilidad se determinan indicadores como el VAN, el TIR, Beneficio/Costo y se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad considerando escenarios pesimistas y optimistas para las variables de mayor influencia. Tras el término del estudio, se generan conclusiones a partir de los objetivos planteados y se da respuesta a la hipótesis inicial

Study of the Influence of the Reprocessing Cycles on the Final Properties of Polylactide Pieces Obtained by Injection Molding

[EN] This research work aims to study the influence of the reprocessing cycles on the mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). To this end, PLA was subjected to as many as six extrusion cycles and the resultant pellets were shaped into pieces by injection molding. Mechanical characterization revealed that the PLA pieces presented relatively similar properties up to the third reprocessing cycle, whereas further cycles induced an intense reduction in ductility and toughness. The effect of the reprocessing cycles was also studied by the changes in the melt fluidity, which showed a significant increase after four reprocessing cycles. An increase in the bio-polyester chain mobility was also attained with the number of the reprocessing cycles that subsequently favored an increase in crystallinity of PLA. A visual inspection indicated that PLA developed certain yellowing and the pieces also became less transparent with the increasing number of reprocessing cycles. Therefore, the obtained results showed that PLA suffers a slight degradation after one or two reprocessing cycles whereas performance impairment becomes more evident above the fourth reprocessing cycle. This finding suggests that the mechanical recycling of PLA for up to three cycles of extrusion and subsequent injection molding is technically feasible.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICIU) project numbers MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R and AGL2015-63855-C2-1-R. L. Quiles-Carrillo wants to thank GV for his FPI grant (ACIF/2016/182) and MECD for his FPU grant (FPU15/03812). D. Lascano wants to thank UPV for the grant received through the PAID-01-18 program. S. Torres-Giner is recipient of a Juan de la Cierva¿ Incorporación contract (IJCI-2016-29675) from MICIU. Microscopy services at UPV are acknowledged for their help in collecting and analyzing FESEM images.Agüero, Á.; Morcillo, MDC.; Quiles-Carrillo, L.; Balart, R.; Boronat, T.; Lascano-Aimacaña, DS.; Torres-Giner, S.... (2019). Study of the Influence of the Reprocessing Cycles on the Final Properties of Polylactide Pieces Obtained by Injection Molding. Polymers. 11(12):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11121908S1201112Gironi, F., & Piemonte, V. (2010). Life cycle assessment of polylactic acid and polyethylene terephthalate bottles for drinking water. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 30(3), 459-468. doi:10.1002/ep.10490Hoppe, W., Thonemann, N., & Bringezu, S. (2017). Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide-Based Production of Methane and Methanol and Derived Polymers. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22(2), 327-340. doi:10.1111/jiec.12583Luján-Ornelas, C., Mancebo del C. Sternenfels, U., & Güereca, L. P. (2018). Life cycle assessment of Mexican polymer and high-durability cotton paper banknotes. Science of The Total Environment, 630, 409-421. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.177Vidal, R., Moliner, E., Martin, P. P., Fita, S., Wonneberger, M., Verdejo, E., … González, A. (2017). Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Aircraft Interior Panels Made from Renewable or Recyclable Polymers with Natural Fiber Reinforcements and Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22(1), 132-144. doi:10.1111/jiec.12544Kijchavengkul, T., Auras, R., Rubino, M., Selke, S., Ngouajio, M., & Fernandez, R. T. (2010). Biodegradation and hydrolysis rate of aliphatic aromatic polyester. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95(12), 2641-2647. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.07.018Borovikov, P. I., Sviridov, A. P., Antonov, E. N., Dunaev, A. G., Krotova, L. I., Fatkhudinov, T. K., & Popov, V. K. (2019). Model of aliphatic polyesters hydrolysis comprising water and oligomers diffusion. 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Development of natural fiber-reinforced plastics (NFRP) based on biobased polyethylene and waste fibers from Posidonia oceanica seaweed. Polymer Composites, 36(8), 1378-1385. doi:10.1002/pc.23042Montanes, N., Garcia-Sanoguera, D., Segui, V. J., Fenollar, O., & Boronat, T. (2017). Processing and Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Composites from Biobased Polyethylene and Natural Fillers from Thyme Herbs. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(3), 1218-1230. doi:10.1007/s10924-017-1025-2Torres-Giner, S., Torres, A., Ferrándiz, M., Fombuena, V., & Balart, R. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of metal cation-exchanged zeolites and their evaluation on injection-molded pieces of bio-based high-density polyethylene. Journal of Food Safety, 37(4), e12348. doi:10.1111/jfs.12348Quiles-Carrillo, L., Boronat, T., Montanes, N., Balart, R., & Torres-Giner, S. (2019). 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Estudio de las sustancias antimicrobianas producidas por los microorganismos integrantes de la microbiota de terneros jóvenes.

El uso desmedido de antibióticos, en especial en los animales que son destinados al consumo humano, produjo la aparición de cepas bacterianas resistentes y favoreció la presencia de residuos de esas sustancias en los alimentos. Esta situación ha sido relacionada con la aparición de alergias, trastornos gastrointestinales y otros problemas que han puesto en riesgo la salud de la población y han promovido una presión creciente de los consumidores y de los entes reguladores para que el sector de la producción de alimentos no utilice antimicrobianos y evite la presencia de sus residuos. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar la capacidad de las sustancias con actividad antimicrobiana, producida por la microbiota natural, para inhibir el desarrollo de bacterias patógenas responsables de causar enfermedades en terneros jóvenes. Se utilizarán bacterias ácido lácticas autóctonas aisladas a partir de intestinos (duodeno, yeyuno, íleon, colon y ciego), cavidad bucal de terneros de crianza artificial y de vagina de vacas en la etapa pre-parto y que forman parte del cepario del Laboratorio de Análisis de alimentos, DSPV. Los microorganismos que demuestren capacidad para producir sustancias antimicrobianas serán identificados utilizando técnicas moleculares (amplificación del 16S rRNA, secuenciación y comparación en bases de datos). Las sustancias producidas por los microorganismos serán purificadas antes de analizar su capacidad inhibitoria. Posteriormente, se evaluará el efecto de los agentes físicos (temperatura) y químicos (solventes orgánicos, ácidos, tripsina, proteinasa K y pepsina) sobre dicha capacidad